Communicative silence is one of the new discussions that have been studied in different texts of literal linguistics. This paper regarding to the roles and functions that Roman jacobson deems necessary for each of verbally communicative elements, investigates eloquent silence and its functions in Shams lyrics as an absent meaningful element that remains a trace of it.The question of this research is the kind and function of those six types of silence in contrast to speech and its purpose is to find those techniques that Maulavi uses as silence to effect on receivers in order to express appoint by avoiding of saying that to have a successful relationship.Studies indicated that silence in maulavi's speech has different methods and functions and has a major role to activate audiences.

The purpose of the present article is to examine the different functions of silence as a part of linguistic communication as well as the absence of any kind of linguistic element. Based on the Organon-Model by Karl Buhler, Roman Jacobson (1956) distinguishes six communication functions, each associated with a dimension of the communication process. Michael Ephratt (2008) has revised the same model, considering (Eloquent) silence as a linguistic sign which conveys information in the referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalinguistic functions. To shed light on the issue, we study several literary texts to show how communicational silence, which is a new issue in literary linguistics, and its functions are applied to transferring a message or narrating a story. It can be considered as a narrative technique in order to say something through blank, absent or deferred elements. The question of the article is how six communication functions of silence could apply to expressing something. The result of the study showed that silence has a significant role in activating reader's role in reading a text.

This paper aims at investigating the communicative functions of eloquent silence in Persian. It also investigates how contextual and pragmatic factors pave the way for silence to have such functions. In this regard, “A Separation” (2011), a widely known Oscar-winner Iranian movie by Asghar Farhadi was selected, and analyzed. This movie has been met with universal acclaim from film critics, and seemingly has utilized silence successfully in order to carry and convey some hidden messages. Instances of eloquent silence were collected and then analyzed based on Ephratt (2008) in an attempt to determine the communicative functions of each case. Our main argument has been that eloquent silence can convey different communicative hints in the course of linguistic exchanges in Persian. The results showed that eloquent silence usages do play a key role in communication in this movie and accordingly in Persian. These usages also have different types of function for the realization of which different contexts of situation seem to be at work. We also tried to analyze and explain the way contextual and pragmatic factors impact upon determining these communicative functions. In this regard, the study depicts that aim of communication, context of situations, target of communication, and power relations between interlocutors, as well as cultural and social norms are among the most important contextual and pragmatic factors, active in preferring silence over speech.

One of the most interesting topics in Islamic and Western Philosophy is to determine the boundaries and limits of reason in knowing the real world. Following the existential limits of reason in knowing the reality, we come to its limits in announcing and asserting the facts. In this article, by appealing to the authorized criterions, I try to show both the cognitive and the assertive limits of reason and, thus, to determine the realm of necessary silence of reason about the objects of the world. However, the realm and object of necessary silence of reason is attainable to rational speech in a specific way. The structure of the reason and the special character of the objects allow that rational speech and rational silence come together without causing contradiction.

Wittgenstein subscribed to picture theory of meaning in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. According to this theory, we are only allowed to talk about state of affairs and whatever belongs to natural science meaningfully. Beyond natural sciences which consist of ethics, logic, religion, mathematics.. .nothing can be said, semantically speaking. According to Wittgenstein, the main task of philosophy is to clarify the distinction between saying and showing: What cannot be talked about, we must pass over in silence.In this article, firstly, picture theory of meaning is explained. Secondly, different accounts of the very idea of silence which is cited in the last section of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus are presented as follow: neutral silence, negative silence, mystical silence and therapeutic silence.

Politics has been articulated differently within twentieth century political thought currents as followed: as a super-structure versus economic infrastructure or a minimal concern which merely should serve individual interests or a kind of domination, deception and repression. But, a narration by Habermas about politics is based on communicative rationality. His thought generally refers to the critique on liberation and liberating action. Therefore, it is in the context of such a general attitude which his philosophy confronts and contradicts with the most important twentieth century thinking currents. By reconstructing the ideas of Weber, Marx and Frankfurt school in front of the comprehensive instrumental rationality, he puts forward the ideas of communicative rationality and lays down the rational and philosophical bases for politics.

According to the public and the critics, Chaharshanbe Souri is one of the most successful screened films in 2006. Since every artistic work carries a piece of truth this essay is to clarify the philosophical foundations of the film and illuminates its truth content. Chaharshanbe Souri is itself a reflection on this foundation and its resulting impact upon the individual and social life. Discourse of "Science" in the last two decades has claimed that it could manage Iranian's individual and social problems. And Chaharshanbe Souri is a reflection on this claim. Here the author is to examine role of science and power in Iranians everyday life in these two decades through underlining this reflection.